Data Base Tips/ SQL Commands...

Saturday, July 23, 2005

To_Date Function

In Oracle/PLSQL, the to_date function converts a string to a date.

The syntax for the to_date function is:

 

to_date (string1, [format_mask], [nls_language] )

 

string1 is the string that will be converted to a date.

format_mask is optional.  This is the format that will be used to convert string1 to a date.

nls_language is optional.  This is the nls language used to convert string1 to a date.

The following is a list of options for the format_mask parameter  These parameters can be used in many combinations.

 

Parameter

Explanation

YEAR

Year, spelled out

YYYY

4-digit year

YYY
YY
Y

Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of year.

IYY
IY
I

Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of ISO year.

IYYY

4-digit year based on the ISO standard

RRRR

Accepts a 2-digit year and returns a 4-digit year.
A value between 0-49 will return a 20xx year.
A value between 50-99 will return a 19xx year.

Q

Quarter of year (1, 2, 3, 4; JAN-MAR = 1).

MM

Month (01-12; JAN = 01).

MON

Abbreviated name of month.

MONTH

Name of month, padded with blanks to length of 9 characters.

RM

Roman numeral month (I-XII; JAN = I).

WW

Week of year (1-53) where week 1 starts on the first day of the year and continues to the seventh day of the year.

W

Week of month (1-5) where week 1 starts on the first day of the month and ends on the seventh.

IW

Week of year (1-52 or 1-53) based on the ISO standard.

D

Day of week (1-7).

DAY

Name of day.

DD

Day of month (1-31).

DDD

Day of year (1-366).

DY

Abbreviated name of day.

J

Julian day; the number of days since January 1, 4712 BC.

HH

Hour of day (1-12).

HH12

Hour of day (1-12).

HH24

Hour of day (0-23).

MI

Minute (0-59).

SS

Second (0-59).

SSSSS

Seconds past midnight (0-86399).

FF

Fractional seconds.  Use a value from 1 to 9 after FF to indicate the number of digits in the fractional seconds.  For example, 'FF4'.

AM, A.M., PM, or P.M.

Meridian indicator

AD or A.D

AD indicator

BC or B.C.

BC indicator

TZD

Daylight savings information.  For example, 'PST'

TZH

Time zone hour.

TZM

Time zone minute.

TZR

Time zone region.

 

For example:

to_date ('2003/07/09', 'yyyy/mm/dd');

would return a date value of July 9, 2003.

to_date ('070903', 'MMDDYY');

would return a date value of July 9, 2003.

to_date ('20020315', 'yyyymmdd');

would return a date value of Mar 15, 2002.

 


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